sizeof operator

Queries size of the object or type

Used when actual size of the object must be known

Syntax


`sizeof(` type `)`	(1)

`sizeof` expression	(2)

Both versions return a value of type size_t.

Explanation

1) Returns the size, in bytes, of the object representation of type

2) Returns the size, in bytes, of the object representation of the type of expression. No implicit conversions are applied to expression.

Notes

Depending on the computer architecture, a byte may consist of 8 or more bits, the exact number provided as CHAR_BIT.

sizeof(char), sizeof(signed char), and sizeof(unsigned char) always return 1.

sizeof cannot be used with function types, incomplete types (including void), or bit field lvalues.

When applied to an operand that has structure or union type, the result is the total number of bytes in such an object, including internal and trailing padding. The trailing padding is such that if the object were an element of an array, the alignment requirement of the next element of this array would be satisfied, in other words, sizeof(T) returns the size of an element of a T[] array.

If type is a VLA type and changing the value of its size expression would not affect the result of sizeof, it is unspecified whether or not the size expression is evaluated.

(since C99)

Except if the type of expression is a VLA, (since C99)expression is not evaluated and the sizeof operator may be used in an integer constant expression.

If the type of expression is a variable-length array type, expression is evaluated and the size of the array it evaluates to is calculated at run time.

(since C99)

Number of elements in any array a including VLA (since C99) may be determined with the expression sizeof a / sizeof a[0]. Note that if a has pointer type (such as after array-to-pointer conversion of function parameter type adjustment), this expression would simply divide the number of bytes in a pointer type by the number of bytes in the pointed type.

Keywords

sizeof

Example

sample output corresponds to a platform with 64-bit pointers and 32-bit int

Run this code

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    short x;
    // type argument:
    printf("sizeof(float)          = %zu\n", sizeof(float));
    printf("sizeof(void(*)(void))  = %zu\n", sizeof(void(*)(void)));
    printf("sizeof(char[10])       = %zu\n", sizeof(char[10]));
//  printf("sizeof(void(void))     = %zu\n", sizeof(void(void))); // Error: function type
//  printf("sizeof(char[])         = %zu\n", sizeof(char[])); // Error: incomplete type
 
    // expression argument:
    printf("sizeof 'a'             = %zu\n", sizeof 'a'); // type of 'a' is int
//  printf("sizeof main            = %zu\n", sizeof main); // Error: Function type
    printf("sizeof &main           = %zu\n", sizeof &main);
    printf("sizeof \"hello\"         = %zu\n", sizeof "hello"); // type is char[6]
    printf("sizeof x               = %zu\n", sizeof x);   // type of x is short
    printf("sizeof (x+1)           = %zu\n", sizeof(x+1)); // type of x+1 is int
}

Possible output:

sizeof(float)          = 4
sizeof(void(*)(void))  = 8
sizeof(char[10])       = 10
sizeof 'a'             = 4
sizeof &main           = 8
sizeof "hello"         = 6
sizeof x               = 2
sizeof (x+1)           = 4

References

C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

6.5.3.4 The sizeof and _Alignof operators (p: 90-91)

C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

6.5.3.4 The sizeof operator (p: 80-81)

C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

3.3.3.4 The sizeof operator

Language
Headers
Type support
Program utilities
Variadic function support
Error handling
Dynamic memory management
Strings library
Algorithms
Numerics
Date and time utilities
Input/output support
Localization support
Concurrency support (C11)
Technical Specifications
Symbol index

Basic concepts
Keywords
Preprocessor
Statements
Expressions
Initialization
Declarations
Functions
Miscellaneous
History of C
Technical Specifications

General
value category
evaluation order and sequence points
constant expressions
implicit conversions
generic selection
constants and literals
integer constant
floating constant
character constant
string literal
compound literal
operators
operator precedence
member access and indirection
logical operators
comparison operators
arithmetic operators
assignment operators
increment and decrement
function call, comma, conditional operator
sizeof
_Alignof (C11)
cast operators