std::formatted_size

 

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General utilities Date and time Function objects Formatting library (C++20) bitset hash (C++11) Relational operators (deprecated in C++20) rel_ops::operator!=rel_ops::operator> rel_ops::operator<=rel_ops::operator>= Integer comparison functions cmp_equalcmp_lesscmp_less_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)    cmp_not_equalcmp_greatercmp_greater_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20) in_range (C++20) Swap and type operations swap ranges::swap (C++20) exchange (C++14) declval (C++11) to_underlying (C++23) forward (C++11) forward_like (C++23) move (C++11) move_if_noexcept (C++11) as_const (C++17) Common vocabulary types pair tuple (C++11) optional (C++17) any (C++17) variant (C++17) tuple_size (C++11) tuple_element (C++11) apply (C++17) make_from_tuple (C++17) expected (C++23) Elementary string conversions to_chars (C++17) from_chars (C++17) chars_format (C++17)

 

Formatting library

Formatting functions

format (C++20)

format_to (C++20)

format_to_n (C++20)

formatted_size (C++20)

vformat (C++20)

vformat_to (C++20)

Formatter

formatter (C++20)

basic_format_parse_contextformat_parse_contextwformat_parse_context (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

basic_format_contextformat_contextwformat_context (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

Formatting arguments

basic_format_arg (C++20)

basic_format_argsformat_argswformat_args (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

visit_format_arg (C++20)

make_format_argsmake_wformat_args (C++20)(C++20)

Format error

format_error (C++20)

 

Defined in header <format>
template< class... Args > std::size_t formatted_size( /*format_string<Args...>*/ fmt, Args&&... args );	(1)	(since C++20)
template< class... Args > std::size_t formatted_size( /*wformat_string<Args...>*/ fmt, Args&&... args );	(2)	(since C++20)
template< class... Args > std::size_t formatted_size( const std::locale& loc,                             /*format_string<Args...>*/ fmt, Args&&... args );	(3)	(since C++20)
template< class... Args > std::size_t formatted_size( const std::locale& loc,                             /*wformat_string<Args...>*/ fmt, Args&&... args );	(4)	(since C++20)

Determine the total number of characters in the formatted string by formatting args according to the format string fmt. If present, loc is used for locale-specific formatting.

The behavior is undefined if std::formatter<std::remove_cvref_t<Ti>, CharT> does not meet the BasicFormatter requirements for any Ti in Args.

Parameters

fmt	-	parameter of unspecified type, whose initialization is valid only if the argument is convertible to std::string_view (for (1,3)) or std::wstring_view (for (2,4)), and the result of conversion is a constant expression and a valid format string for Args. The format string consists of ordinary characters (except { and }), which are copied unchanged to the output, escape sequences {{ and }}, which are replaced with { and } respectively in the output, and replacement fields. Each replacement field has the following format: { arg-id (optional) } (1) { arg-id (optional) : format-spec } (2) 1) replacement field without a format specification 2) replacement field with a format specification arg-id - specifies the index of the argument in args whose value is to be used for formatting; if it is omitted, the arguments are used in order. The arg-ids in a format string must all be present or all be omitted. Mixing manual and automatic indexing is an error. format-spec - the format specification defined by the std::formatter specialization for the corresponding argument. For basic types and standard string types, the format specification is interpreted as standard format specification. For chrono types, the format specification is interpreted as chrono format specification. For other formattable types, the format specification is determined by user-defined formatter specializations.
args...	-	arguments to be formatted
loc	-	std::locale used for locale-specific formatting

Return value

The total number of characters in the formatted string.

Exceptions

Propagates any exception thrown by formatter.

Example

Run this code

#include <format>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string_view>
 
int main()
{
    using namespace std::literals::string_view_literals;
 
    constexpr auto fmt_str { "Hubble's H{0} {1} {2:*^4} miles/sec/mpc."sv };
    constexpr auto sub_zero { "₀"sv };  // { "\u2080"sv } => { 0xe2, 0x82, 0x80 };
    constexpr auto aprox_equ { "≅"sv }; // { "\u2245"sv } => { 0xe2, 0x89, 0x85 };
    constexpr int Ho { 42 }; // H₀
 
 
    const auto min_buffer_size = std::formatted_size(fmt_str, sub_zero, aprox_equ, Ho);
 
    std::cout << "Min buffer size = " << min_buffer_size << '\n';
 
    // Use std::vector as dynamic buffer. Note: buffer does not include the trailing '\0'.
    std::vector<char> buffer(min_buffer_size); 
 
    std::format_to_n(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), fmt_str, sub_zero, aprox_equ, Ho);
 
    std::cout << "Buffer: \"" << std::string_view{buffer.data(), min_buffer_size} << "\"\n";
 
    // Or we can print the buffer directly by adding the trailing '\0'.
    buffer.push_back('\0');
    std::cout << "Buffer: \"" << buffer.data() << "\"\n";
}

Output:

Min buffer size = 37
Buffer: "Hubble's H₀ ≅ *42* miles/sec/mpc."
Buffer: "Hubble's H₀ ≅ *42* miles/sec/mpc."

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
P2216R3	C++20	throws std::format_error for invalid format string	invalid format string results in compile-time error
P2418R2	C++20	objects that are neither const-usable nor copyable (such as generator-like objects) are not formattable	allow formatting these objects

See also

format_to (C++20)	writes out formatted representation of its arguments through an output iterator (function template)
format_to_n (C++20)	writes out formatted representation of its arguments through an output iterator, not exceeding specified size (function template)