std::ranges::crbegin

 

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Ranges library

Range access
begin cbegin end cend	rbegin crbegin rend crend	size ssize data cdata	empty
Range conversions
to (C++23)
Range primitives
range_size_trange_difference_t range_value_t	range_reference_trange_const_reference_trange_rvalue_reference_t   (C++23)	iterator_tconst_iterator_tsentinel_t (C++23)
Dangling iterator handling
dangling	borrowed_iterator_t	borrowed_subrange_t
Range concepts
range borrowed_range    sized_range constant_range (C++23)	common_range view viewable_range	input_range output_range forward_range	bidirectional_range random_access_range contiguous_range
Views
view_interface	subrange
Factories
empty_viewviews::empty iota_viewviews::iota	single_viewviews::single basic_istream_viewviews::istream	repeat_viewviews::repeat (C++23)(C++23)
Adaptors
ref_view views::all_tviews::all common_viewviews::common owning_view views::counted reverse_viewviews::reverse zip_viewviews::zip (C++23)(C++23) as_const_viewviews::as_const (C++23)(C++23) as_rvalue_viewviews::as_rvalue (C++23)(C++23)	take_viewviews::take take_while_viewviews::take_while drop_viewviews::drop drop_while_viewviews::drop_while zip_transform_viewviews::zip_transform (C++23)(C++23) adjacent_transform_viewviews::adjacent_transform (C++23)(C++23)   cartesian_product_viewviews::cartesian_product (C++23)(C++23)	elements_viewviews::elements keys_viewviews::keys values_viewviews::values transform_viewviews::transform adjacent_viewviews::adjacent (C++23)(C++23) slide_viewviews::slide (C++23)(C++23) stride_viewviews::stride (C++23)(C++23)	filter_viewviews::filter join_viewviews::join split_viewviews::split lazy_split_viewviews::lazy_split join_with_viewviews::join_with (C++23)(C++23) chunk_viewviews::chunk (C++23)(C++23) chunk_by_viewviews::chunk_by (C++23)(C++23)
Range adaptor objects
Range adaptor closure objects
Helper items
copyable-box	simple-view

 

Defined in header <ranges>
inline namespace /*unspecified*/ {     inline constexpr /*unspecified*/ crbegin = /*unspecified*/; }		(since C++20) (customization point object)
Call signature
template< class T >     requires /* see below */ constexpr std::input_or_output_iterator auto crbegin( T&& t );		(since C++20)

Returns an iterator to the first element of the const-qualified argument that is treated as a reversed sequence.

Let CT be

1. const std::remove_reference_t<T>& if the argument is a lvalue (i.e. T is an lvalue reference type),
2. const T otherwise,

a call to ranges::crbegin is expression-equivalent to ranges::rbegin(static_cast<CT&&>(t)).

The return type models std::input_or_output_iterator in both cases.

Expression-equivalent

Expression e is expression-equivalent to expression f, if

• e and f have the same effects, and
• either both are constant subexpressions or else neither is a constant subexpression, and
• either both are potentially-throwing or else neither is potentially-throwing (i.e. noexcept(e) == noexcept(f)).

Customization point objects

The name ranges::crbegin denotes a customization point object, which is a const function object of a literal semiregular class type. For exposition purposes, the cv-unqualified version of its type is denoted as __crbegin_fn.

All instances of __crbegin_fn are equal. The effects of invoking different instances of type __crbegin_fn on the same arguments are equivalent, regardless of whether the expression denoting the instance is an lvalue or rvalue, and is const-qualified or not (however, a volatile-qualified instance is not required to be invocable). Thus, ranges::crbegin can be copied freely and its copies can be used interchangeably.

Given a set of types Args..., if std::declval<Args>()... meet the requirements for arguments to ranges::crbegin above, __crbegin_fn models

• std::invocable<__crbegin_fn, Args...>,
• std::invocable<const __crbegin_fn, Args...>,
• std::invocable<__crbegin_fn&, Args...>, and
• std::invocable<const __crbegin_fn&, Args...>.
  

Otherwise, no function call operator of __crbegin_fn participates in overload resolution.

Notes

If the argument is an rvalue (i.e. T is an object type) and ranges::enable_borrowed_range<std::remove_cv_t<T>> is false, the call to ranges::crbegin is ill-formed, which also results in substitution failure.

The return type models std::input_or_output_iterator in all cases.

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
#include <span>
 
int main() 
{
    std::vector<int> v = { 3, 1, 4 };
    auto vi = std::ranges::crbegin(v);
    std::cout << *vi << '\n'; 
 
    int a[] = { -5, 10, 15 };
    auto ai = std::ranges::crbegin(a);
    std::cout << *ai << '\n';
 
    // auto x_x = std::ranges::crbegin(std::vector<int>{6,6,6});
    // ill-formed: the argument is an rvalue (see Notes ↑)
 
    auto si = std::ranges::crbegin(std::span{a}); // OK:
    static_assert(std::ranges::enable_borrowed_range<
        std::remove_cv_t<decltype(std::span{a})>>);
    std::cout << *si << '\n';
}

Output:

4
15
15

See also

ranges::rbegin (C++20)	returns a reverse iterator to a range (customization point object)
rbegincrbegin (C++14)	returns a reverse iterator to the beginning of a container or array (function template)