std::ranges::empty

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | ranges
 
 
Ranges library
Range access
empty



Range conversions
(C++23)
Range primitives



Dangling iterator handling
Range concepts
Views

Factories






Adaptors
Range adaptor objects
Range adaptor closure objects
Helper items
 
Defined in header <ranges>
inline namespace /*unspecified*/ {

    inline constexpr auto empty = /*unspecified*/;

}
(since C++20)
(customization point object)
Call signature
template< class T >

    requires /* see below */

constexpr bool empty( T&& t );
(since C++20)

Determines whether or not t has any elements.

A call to ranges::empty is expression-equivalent to:

  1. bool(t.empty()), if that expression is valid.
  2. Otherwise, (ranges::size(t) == 0), if that expression is valid.
  3. Otherwise, bool(ranges::begin(t) == ranges::end(t)), if that expression is valid and decltype(ranges::begin(t)) models std::forward_iterator.

In all other cases, a call to ranges::empty is ill-formed, which can result in substitution failure when ranges::empty(t) appears in the immediate context of a template instantiation.

Expression-equivalent

Expression e is expression-equivalent to expression f, if

  • e and f have the same effects, and
  • either both are constant subexpressions or else neither is a constant subexpression, and
  • either both are potentially-throwing or else neither is potentially-throwing (i.e. noexcept(e) == noexcept(f)).

Customization point objects

The name ranges::empty denotes a customization point object, which is a const function object of a literal semiregular class type. For exposition purposes, the cv-unqualified version of its type is denoted as __empty_fn.

All instances of __empty_fn are equal. The effects of invoking different instances of type __empty_fn on the same arguments are equivalent, regardless of whether the expression denoting the instance is an lvalue or rvalue, and is const-qualified or not (however, a volatile-qualified instance is not required to be invocable). Thus, ranges::empty can be copied freely and its copies can be used interchangeably.

Given a set of types Args..., if std::declval<Args>()... meet the requirements for arguments to ranges::empty above, __empty_fn models

Otherwise, no function call operator of __empty_fn participates in overload resolution.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <vector>
 
template <std::ranges::input_range R>
void print(char id, R&& r)
{
    if (std::ranges::empty(r)) {
        std::cout << '\t' << id << ") Empty\n";
        return;
    }
 
    std::cout << '\t' << id << ") Elements:";
    for (const auto& element : r) {
        std::cout << ' ' << element;
    }
 
    std::cout << '\n';
}
 
int main()
{
    {
        auto v = std::vector<int>{1, 2, 3};
        std::cout << "(1) ranges::empty uses std::vector::empty:\n";
        print('a', v);
 
        v.clear();
        print('b', v);
    }
    {
        std::cout << "(2) ranges::empty uses ranges::size(initializer_list):\n";
        auto il = {7, 8, 9};
        print('a', il);
 
        print('b', std::initializer_list<int>{});
    }
    {
        std::cout << "(2) ranges::empty on a raw array uses ranges::size:\n";
        int array[] = {4, 5, 6}; // array has a known bound
        print('a', array);
    }
    {
        struct Scanty : private std::vector<int> {
            using std::vector<int>::begin;
            using std::vector<int>::end;
            using std::vector<int>::push_back;
            // Note: both empty() and size() are hidden
        };
 
        std::cout << "(3) calling ranges::empty on an object w/o empty() or size():\n";
        Scanty y;
        print('a', y);
        y.push_back(42);
        print('b', y);
    }
}

Output:

(1) ranges::empty uses std::vector::empty:
	a) Elements: 1 2 3
	b) Empty
(2) ranges::empty uses ranges::size(initializer_list):
	a) Elements: 7 8 9
	b) Empty
(2) ranges::empty on a raw array uses ranges::size:
	a) Elements: 4 5 6
(3) calling ranges::empty on an object w/o empty() or size():
	a) Empty
	b) Elements: 42

See also

(C++17)
checks whether the container is empty
(function template)